public goods

An Analysis on the Nash Equilibrium of Private Supply of Public Goods

公共物品私人供给的纳什均衡分析

It has the nature of public goods and is not transferable;

具有公共物品的性质和不可转让性；

Direct Election, Rural Tax Reform and Public Goods Provision in Rural China

村民自治、农村税费改革与农村公共投资

The supply of high-quality public goods, such as world-class universities and large-scale medical institutions, should be increased in the region, the guideline says, specifying that world-renowned universities will be encouraged to run schools in partnership with local institutions, while large-scale comprehensive medical institutions are welcome to set up subsidiaries in the region.

加快推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设，支持建设若干区域医疗中心，鼓励国外著名高校在中部地区开展合作办学，鼓励国内外大型综合性医疗机构依法依规在中部地区设立分支机构。

Through the practice of Public Goods Theory on the issue of Intangible cultural protection, it is conducive to have a clear understanding of the responsibility of each supply party, so that we could recognize and protect the Intangible cultural heritage from a brand-new eagle.

公共物品理论引入非物质文化遗产保护，有利于明晰供给主体各方职责，从一种全新的角度认识和保护非物质文化遗产。

So the government only in providing public goods take the social benefit cost benefit into t calculation can be more reasonable.

因此政府在提供公共物品时只有把社会效益纳入到成本收益计算中才会更合理。

Governance from the Perspective of a Diversified Suppl Public Goods Mechanisms

治理视野中的公共物品多元化供给机制研究

Public Goods and International Institutions Public Relations

公共益品与国际制度

What is more important is that the supervisor and management for local public goods should not be ignored.

更为重要的是，对地方公共物品民营化的监督和管理不容忽视。

Therefore, the public goods theory, exterior theory, driving theory and the social forestry theory are theory basis of guiding and impelling mechanism.

因此，公共物品理论、外部性理论、管理学的激励理论和社会林业理论是林业生态工程建设引动机制的理论基础；第三章，林业生态工程建设的四轮引动机制。

Flood insurance possesses the characteristics of public goods, such as undividable utility and big scale of operation; whereas in other aspects it is of the features of private goods including competition of consumption and exclusiveness in benefits.

洪灾保险在某些方面具有公共物品的特征，如效用上不可分割性、经营上的规模性。但洪灾保险在某些方面又具有私人物品的特性，如消费上的竞争性和收益上的排他性。

As we saw earlier, the market mechanism breaks down when public goods or externalities are present.

正如前文所述,当出现公共商品或外在化商品时, 市场机制就会失去效用.

In the tax price theory, tax is the price that taxpayers pay for consuming public goods, so the exchange relationship of the two sides of tax administration is equal in essence.

税收价格论认为税收是纳税人为消费公共品而向政府支付的价格，税收征纳双方在本质上是平等的交换关系。

Non-Profit organization ( NPO ) is an indispensable part of organizations which provide public goods.

提供公共物品的 非 营利组织是市场经济中不可或缺的组织之一.

Rural public goods refers to consumption of rural residents within a certain range, accessible, with non-competitive and non-exclusive social product, related to rural public facilities, public utilities, public welfare, public services and other fields.

农村公共物品是指在一定范围内农村居民消费、享用的，具有非竞争性和非排他性的社会产品，涉及农村公共设施、公共事业、公共福利、公共服务等各个领域。

Legislation should follow the new development, support P2P technology according to public goods and public will while protect copyright, and balance and regulate P2P stakeholders' interests according to the ethic of law. Coordination among Stakeholders'Interests and Principles of Balance of Corporate Governance

法律应在保护版权的同时，基于公利和公意，充分肯定P2P技术的合理性，公正地处理P2P相关群体的权利和义务关系。企业利益相关者的利益协调与公司治理的平衡原理

Accounting information is typical public goods. It is hard to answer whether accounting standards should be set by government or private organization in basically since there are "market failure" and "government failure".

会计信息是一种典型的公共物品，由于存在市场失灵、政府失灵，无法从根本上回答是政府制定会计准则还是由民间机构制定准则。

This paper has analysis the mechanism of how the tax policy impact the regional economic development through the impact of tax policy on the essential elements for regional economic development such as investment, labor, technology, and public goods and so on.

本文通过税收政策对投资、劳动、技术以及公共品等区域经济发展必不可少的要素的影响，分析了税收政策影响区域经济发展的作用机理。

Agricultural risks and agricultural priority and the grantable public goods nature of the agricultural insurance products require us to set up the political agricultural insurance.

农业高风险与农业地位的重要性、农业保险产品准公共物品性质等要求我们必须建立农业政策性保险。

Inferred the demand curve of recreation. They calculated directly the travel cost and value of time as the value of recreational function. This approach is not accord with the basic principle of TCM and the economic theory of public goods without ( lower) marketed price.

认为乔光华等的研究在推断游憩需求曲线时存在方法上的问题，直接将旅行成本和时间价值作为游憩价值不符合旅行成本法的基本原理和公共物品无（或低）市场价格的经济理论。

The wetland ecosystem services have public goods characteristic and bring the external economy, so we can use contingent valuation method ( CVM) turn the value of ecosystem services into the willingness to pay ( WTP) to assess its functional value.

由于湿地生态系统服务具有公共物品的特征和外部经济性，可以利用条件估值法（CVM）将生态系统服务功能价值转化为最大支付意愿（WTP），并最终确定生态系统服务功能价值。

Therefore, the pure public goods are not seen in reality.

因此，在生活中，纯粹的公共物品并不多见，大部分是准公共物品。

SWCFs are quasi-public goods which has strong externality and monopoly with double nature of public resource and club goods in certain territorial scope.

小型水利是在一定地域范围内具有公共资源与俱乐部物品双重性质的准公共物品，并且具有较强的外部性与垄断性。

Analysising of the question of tourism environment, this text points out the attribute with public goods of tourism environment.

本文通过对旅游环境问题的剖析，指出了旅游环境具有的公共物品的属性。

Some news media are public goods , while more are private goods.

新闻媒介大多数是私人物品.

Section One, establish a sound mechanism for rural public goods demand expression.

第一节，建立完善的农村公共品需求表达机制。

This is due to the fact that population increase would reduce the share of the cost per capita, but at the same time increase the congestion since urban forests are not purely public goods.

这是由于人口的增加会降低人均费用份额的事实，但同时增加的交通挤塞，由于城市森林是不是纯粹的公共物品。

These individuals'desire for wilderness preservation converts wilderness areas into public goods.

这些保护荒野的人们的愿望是把荒野区域转变成公有物.

At the same time, the attribute of public goods for the environmental resources offers the enterprises rooms to carry out opportunism.

同时，环境资源的公共物品属性给企业实施机会主义行为提供极大的空间。

Along with the continuous deepening of reform and opening up and modernization, marine oil spill pollution prevention and control is also facing the requirement of innovation, just like the supply of the other public goods.

随着改革开放和现代化建设的不断深入，与其他公共物品的供给一样，海域溢油污染防治也日益面对创新的要求。